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The same fish samples tested in four different countries at the same time

It is very difficult to compare how consumers like seafood in different countries, because the products served will be different. For the first time, the researchers within Project 2.2 SEAFOODSENSE has succeeded in serving exactly the same products to consumers in four different countries and analysed how the consumers assessed the fish applying the same test scheme.

 

  

Authors: Emilia Martinsdóttir, Rian Schelvis-Smit and Grethe Hyldig

 

 

 See the movie Preference mapping of seafood by European consumers (4.1 MB)


A laboratory consumer preference study was simultaneously carried out in March and April 2005 at the four research institutes in SEAFOODSENSE in Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Ireland. The aim was to investigate how consumers liking corresponded to sensory quality of different cod and salmon products. Totally 16 different products (8 of cod and 8 of salmon) were chosen and prepared for all the consumers tasting exactly the same samples at the same day (4 times over a 6 week period). The consumers answered one question on overall liking (9-point hedonic scale). Sensory analysis of odour, flavour and texture attributes by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was performed at the same time by two sensory trained panels at DIFRES and IFL.

 

Consumer recruitment

In total 480 fish consumers in Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Ireland (120 from each country) were recruited. The consumers were recruited by ads in newspapers, email list of universities and big companies in the local area and leaflets were handed out at fishmonger shops. The only restriction on the consumers was that they were fish-eaters and a balance between age groups and gender was sought.

 

The fish samples

Sixteen different samples of wild and farmed cod and salmon, stored under various conditions, were used for the experiment. Wild and farmed fillets stored in ice, packed in modified atmosphere (MAP), and frozen fish were evaluated after a short and an extended storage period.

 

The transport between countries

IFL prepared all the cod samples and DIFRES all the salmon samples and it was transported by air cargo. One of the critical steps in this project: transport of all the samples, went surprisingly well, it took less than 24 hours and the temperature of samples was remained constant.

 

 

Valuable information

on consumer view of fish In addition to answering questions about the overall liking of the fish products a survey was performed during the last session about consumer attitudes, behaviour and fish consumption motives and barriers.

 

In the consumer study huge amount of data were collected and the data analysis has just started. The first preliminary results based on simple averages indicate that the consumers in the four countries do not have the same liking preferences for the fish products. The Dutch consumers were most different from the other three consumer groups. Cod stored fresh for a longer period was least preferred by Icelandic consumers and cod after short frozen storage was most preferred by Icelandic consumers. This was reasonably in agreement with the Danish and Irish consumers. The Dutch consumers preferred the cod after long frozen storage, and farmed cod stored for a longer period was least preferred.

 

The consumers in the four countries all preferred least the wild salmon after long frozen storage. Other salmon products received a very different preference by the countries. Salmon in MA packs stored for a longer period received the highest average score by the Icelandic and Dutch consumers compared to consumers from Denmark and Ireland. Fresh salmon received the highest score by the Danish consumers compared to consumers from the other countries and salmon after short frozen storage received the highest average score by the Irish consumers.

 

The wild salmon products were less preferred compared to farmed salmon, but those two products had been stored frozen for relatively long time.

 

Based on simple average the Icelandic consumers scored all products higher compared to the consumers from the other three countries, and the Dutch consumers scored the lowest. This is directly related with the fish consumption frequency: Icelandic consumers having the highest fish consumption compared to the Dutch having the lowest. Cod was overall most preferred by Icelandic consumers and salmon by the Danish consumers.

 

Eating quality preference decisions are ultimately made during consumption. The structural and flavour active components of the seafood are perceived by the sensory systems, and this information is integrated together with the consumers recollection of previous seafood eating experiences, with the expectations created for the consumer by the retailer, and by the means of presenting the seafood as a product. Eating quality will vary from one species of seafood to another, and then again due to choice of storage, handling, packaging, transportation, etc. made at each point in the chain from seafood catch, or slaughter, to consumption. Consumers in different countries will have different experiences with seafood, related to availability and frequency of consumption that will determine individual preferences, and that are also likely to lead to between country differences in preferences.

 

The data from this unique consumer study where consumers tasted simultaneously the same fish products in four countries together with the sensory analytical data and consumer attitudes and behaviour data enables us to show in detail why consumers prefer the samples.

 

 

Average liking scores of cod products C = cod; fro=frozen; fr=fresh; F=farmed; MAP=packed in modified atmosphere; S=short storage period; L=longer storage period
Average liking scores of salmon products S = salmon; fro=frozen; fr=fresh; W = wild; MAP=packed in modified atmosphere; S=short storage period; L=longer storage period

 

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